No Spam!

We try to prevent "spambots" from harvesting our email addresses by encoding the addresses with the ASCII values for each character. For instance, your browser will display this series of ASCII values {#115; #112; #97; #109; } as the word {spam}. In this way, email addresses don't look like addresses to spambots, yet are displayed in human-readable form by your browser.

Note: Because so many email addresses that appear on our site are out of date, we've decided not to use any active mailto links except our own. If you believe an address is still good, you may copy and paste it into your email program.

An FTC Spam Study [offsite] (PDF) found that "masking" is a highly effective technique for reducing spam. Masking presents email addresses in human-readable but not machine-readable form, as described above or by displaying an address as "username AT hostname DOT com" instead of "username@hostname.com".

Further Information